knacker



2 Sheets Sheet;A 1.

A. KNAOKER.

KILN'.

Patented Deo. 26, 1893 Illia HH Y... ff/474 l H 1 VIII/f *me MA1-mum. Ln'wosRAPmNa caMPANv.

-(No Model.)

(No Model.) 2 Sheets-Sheet 2.

1111,11. K No. 511,704. f Patented Dec. 26, 1893.

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WASHINGTON. u. f:4

Nrrnn ADAM KNACKER, OF EDGAR, NEBRASKA.

KILN.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters atent No. 511,704, dated December 26, 1893.

l Application filed March 24,1893. Serial No. 467,452. (No model.)

To aZZ whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, ADAM KNACKER, a citizen of the United States, residing at Edgar, in the county of Clay and State of Nebraska, have invented a new and useful Kiln, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to kilns; and it has for its object to provide certain improvements in kilns which are adapted for the burning of brick, tile, and other pottery articles.

To this end the main and primary object of the invention is to provide an improved kiln, which shall be so constructed as to .provide ready and efcient means whereby the material can be so placed as to allow some of it to burn, a portion to dry, a portion'to cool and a portion ready to take out, all at the same time, without anyimpediment to the operation. Also by reason of the specific construction of the kiln, it is possible to burn brick, tile, crockery, and pottery articles, simultaneously, but at different points in the kiln, thus providing a kiln of great utility and efficiency.

With these and many other objects in view which will readily appear as the nature of the invention is better understood, the same consists in the novel construction, combination and arrangement of parts hereinafter more fully described, illustrated and claimed.

In the accompanying drawingsz-Figure l is a horizontal sectional view of the kiln constructed in accordance with this invention, showing in dotted lines the position of the bale walls and the temporary fire wall. Fig. 2 is a detail plan view of a portion of the kiln showing the arrangement of the oil or gas supply pipe. Fig. 3 is an enlarged vertical sectional View of the arched oven or chamber and one of the bed lines therein, showing one of the baflie walls as built therein when placing the material within the kiln. Fig. fl is a view similar to Fig. 3 `taken in front vof the temporary lire Wall employed 1n starting the kiln. Fig. 5 is a detail sectional view on the line 5-5 of Fig. 4.

Referring to the accompanying drawingsz-e A A', represent outer and inner circular concentric kiln walls, constructed in a suitable height according tothe capacity required of the kiln and capped by the inclosing top arch B, which incloses between the concentric walls an endless or circular oven or heat chamber C, in which the material to be burned is placed. The outer kiln wall A, is provided at regular intervals with arched doors D, which provide means whereby the brick or other material can be placed within and taken out of the oven or heat chamber C, said doors being closed by temporary Walls filling the saine during the operation of burning at any particular portion of the kiln.

The requisite draft for the kiln is secured by the bed dues E, which are formed in the bed of the kiln at regular intervals throughout the circularoven or heat chamber,andsuch iiues are provided with separate and independent draft openings F, which open into the oven or chamber C, adjacent to the outer andinner inclosing walls, so that the proper draft can be secured for the brick or other material being burned, and said separate and independent draft openings F, which open into each single flue E, are controlled by separate dampers Cr. The dampers G, provide means for separately controlling the draft openings F, communicating with each bed flue E, so that the heat Within the oven or heat chamber can be properly regulated at any point therein. The said bed lues E, are provided with flue extensions` Il, which are arranged in groups in the space inside of the inner kiln Wall A', and converge to common escape pipes or flues I, which open into the centrally arranged stack J, which is of asufficient height to create the necessary draft inside of the kiln body, or at least the endless oven thereof.

Piercing the top arch B, of the kiln oyen C, are a series of fuel openings K, which are arranged in pairs so as to open into the oven C, at a point between the regularly spaced bed flues therein, and to provide for supplying the necessary heat to the material within the kiln body. The fuel openings K provide for the supply of any suitable fuel, but are illustrated as accommodating the valved oil or gas pipes L, which are connected to the common distributing pipe M, arranged over the top of the circular kiln and having connected thereto the main supply pipes N, provided with valves n, and connected to a suitably arranged oil or gas tank O, which supplies the several pipes with the necessary liquid 0r gas fuel which is ignited inside of the circular or endless oven or chamber C, at the fuel openings K, in the manner to be pres- Aro ently described. The valves in the pipes L, provide means whereby the heat can be formed at any portion of the kiln, and in practice, the several pairs of the pipes L, are brought into play successively one after another as the burning advances in the oven or heat chamber.

In order to strengthen the kiln structure, I employ a circular strengthening band P,which encircles the upper outer edge of the outer kiln wall A.A

The interior construction of the kiln oven or heat chamber during the operation of burning, will be more apparent by being described in connection with the operation of the kiln, to Witz-In starting the burning in the kiln, the operator first builds a temporary re wall Q, transversely across the oven or heat chamber C, from the top to the bottom thereof at one side of one of the filling doors D, and said temporary fire wall is provided near its lower end with two or more fire pockets R, communicatingwith the space back of said lire wall, so that the heated airand other products of combustion from the fire placed in the tire pockets R, will pass into the oven or chamber C. Before starting the fires in the lire pockets R, the brick or other material is placed in the heat oven or chamber C, beyond the temporary fire Wall from the other filling doors or openings. In placing the brick or other material within the endless oven or chamber C, temporary imperforate baffle walls S, are built up from the bottom of the kiln between the bed iues E, therein,said baffle walls being also built out of the unburned material, and serve to prevent cold drafts from drawing into theburning brick, and also provide means for caus'ing the heat to rise into the space over one of the bed iues, when the dampers shut off the draft in an adjacent bed flue Whenthe brick or other material over such adjacent bed flue is sufficiently burned. The oven or heat chamber is filled in the manner described from a number of the filling doors 0r openings before the fires are started in the pockets R, and after filling in the material in the spaces between such filling openings, the same are closed up by teinporary Walls as herein referred to, and then the operator starts the fires in the temporary fire Wall where the burning is to start. Simultaneously with starting the fires in the pockets R, to start the kiln, the liquid or gaseous fuel directly adjacent to the temporary fire wall may also be ignited, in order to rapidly and quickly burn the brick at points adjacent to the fires. As the material becomes sufficiently burned at the point of starting, the draft through the bed-flues at such point is cut off by means of the dampers G, and the next succeeding bed flues opened so that all the heat will pass into the brick or other material beyond the closed flues. The heat at the fuel openings is also shut off and started to correspond with the closing and opening of the bed flues, so that the burning in the kiln will be done successively, that is from the point of starting at the temporary fire wall around through the entire oven or heat Y chamber. The space at one side of the lling doors D, and above the baffle walls S, which extend up about half the height of the heat oven or chamber C, is filled with paper or other combustible material, s, which serves to prevent cold air from being drawn from the end of the kiln opposite the fire end, into the burning material, but which, as the heat or re advances, will beburned down so as to alloT the heat to come from the burning and burned brick over into the unburned brick, so that at the same time portions of the brick are burning, other portions beyond the same are drying preparatory to being burned, thus combining in the kiln efficient means for dryingl out the brick before the same are burned, and simultaneously with the burning of other portions of the kiln. The disposition of the baffle walls S, above which is filled in with the combustible filling s, is clearly indicated in Fig. l of the drawings by the heavy dotted lines, and it will of course be obvious that it is necessary to have such baffle walls thus arranged so as to prevent the cold air from being drawn into the kiln from the end, opposite the fire end, Where one or more of the filling doors may be uncovered. By reference to Fig. 3 of the drawings, this lling is partly indicated and it will also be observed that it is intended to have the same combustible material face the baffle walls over which it is placed, so that perfectly air tight walls or partitions will be formed for the purposes specified. As the heat is advanced around the endless oven or heat chamber, the temporary fire wall is taken out so that the burned brick can be removed, while at the same time the operator is constantly filling in ahead of the fire, so that the burning of the brick or other material can be kept up an indefinite time, the fires from the fuel openings being so arranged and regulated that brick can be simultaneously filled into the kiln and taken out, the kiln combining the drying and burning together. Itis of course understood that the temporary fire wall with its Iirepockets is only employed for starting the kiln at the beginning of a burning season, and, as already stated, is taken out, after the burning has advanced sufficiently far into the oven for the entire burning season.

From the foregoing it is thought that the construction, operation and many advantages of the herein-described kiln will be apparent without further description, and I will have it understood that changes in the form, pro' portion and the minor details of construction as embraced Within the scope of the appended claims may be resorted to without departing from the principle or sacrificing any of the advantages of this invention.

Having thus described my invention, what IOO IIO

I claim, anddesire to secure by Letters Patent,is

l. In a kiln, a circular or endless heat oven having filling openings in its outer wall, regularly spaced bed iiues arranged in the bed of the oven and having separate draft openings communicating with the interior thereof, a common smoke stack for the several iiues, short temporary imperforate baffle walls arranged transversely within the oven between the bed iiues, and heating devices arranged at the top of the oven, substantially as set forth.

2. In a kiln, the combination of an inolosed circular heat oven or chamber having` lling openings in its outer wall, regularly spaced bed iiues formed in the bottom of the oven or chamber and communicating with a stack, a temporary re wall adapted to be arranged transversely across the oven or chamber at one side of one of the filling openings and provided with fire pockets, baffle walls adapted to be built with unburned material between the bed lues and extending half the height of the oven or chamber, and heating devices arranged at the top of said oven or chamber, substantially as set forth.

3. In a kiln, a side and top inclosed circular or endless heat oven or chamber provided baffle walls, and heating devices at the top of 4o the oven or chamber, substantially as set forth.

4. In a kiln, an endless or circular heat oven or chamber having a top arch provided with fuel openings, a common distributing pipe M, arranged longitudinally over the top of the arch and provided with valved branches leading into said fuel openings, a liquid or gaseous fuel tank, and valved supply pipes lead ing from said tank to the common distributing pipe, substantially as set forth.

In testimony that I claim the foregoing as my own I have hereto aixed my signature in the presence of two Witnesses.

ADAM KNACKER.

Witnesses:

H. W. SToU'r, C. A. VooRHEEs, 

